In the domains of bacteria , prokaryotic organisms are included, that is, more clearly, they are cells that do not have a differentiated cell nucleus. What would be a Eukarya domain would include the most well-known life forms and complexity that is: animals, protists, fungi and plants.
Bacteria are divided into three groups: Cocci, Bacilli, and Helical forms. What are bacteria? They are prokaryotic microorganisms that have a very small size. So much so that they only have a few micrometers and many different shapes.
The definition of the differences between bacteria and viruses, based on the philological and molecular structure, was defined by André Lwoff in 1957.
The first taxonomic classification for viruses apart from cellular organisms was proposed by Lwoff in 1962.
The domains were proposed by Woese in 1990, he added the new cladistic taxonomy, which was his system.
In order not to speak with many technicalities, we will say that the groups are categories to refer to the presence or not of a cell nucleus, a character accompanied by the number of characters that define each group. Let’s look at some categories and try not to be too technical in the explanations.
Instructions
Among the different forms that can be found:
- Coco/ Diplococci: They have spherical shapes. Diplococci: in the form of cocci in pairs.
- Bacilli: Rod-shaped.
- Helical shapes: curve shapes, comma shapes, peanuts (or bean shapes as you will see in some images).
When domain is said, reference is made in biology, to the categories.
- Archaea (Archaea).
- Bacteria sensu stricto (Bacteria in the restricted sense).
- Eucarya (Eukaryotes).
The empire category was also added for the taxonyms to have a category above the kingdoms and locate the:
- Prokaryotic taxa -bacteriato speak clearly and simply-.
- Eukaryotes.
What do you need?
The domain of bacteria is made up of a huge group of living beings that are unicellular, that is, they are made up of only a single cell and also prokaryotes.
What is a Prokaryote?
It is a cell that does not have membranous organelles inside. Its genetics are in free form. Bacteria have a cell membrane and it separates the inside from the outside. They also have a cell wall that surrounds the membrane and has greater protection with the stability of the bacteria. The sum of the two is commonly known as the bacterial cell envelope, and within it, differences in composition, shape, and types exist.
COCONUTS.
These Bacteria have a sphere-shaped cell envelope. If observed through the microscope, cells can be seen in circular shapes.
In subtypes, solitary spherical bacteria are called cocci. But when they are united they are called and recognized as Diplococci. You will also have heard Streptococci (which is when they form a chain ) and the same with Staphylococci (which are irregular shapes very similar to a bunch of grapes).
The Bacilli.
The characteristics of the Bacilli (bacteria) have an elongated rod shape. Similar to the previous case with cocci, the subtypes is where they are grouped according to the cells.
Bacillus when there is only one cell. In the case of having two united, they are called Diplobacilli. When there are several (more than two) but according to the forms, they are called Streptobacillus or Palisade. Keep in mind that in these groups it will depend on the shapes.
- Streptobacillus: If they are joined by the tips and form a chain.
- Palisade: joined by the sides in the form of a wall.
Then there’s another guy. It would be when a cell is not spherical (coccus) but it cannot be defined as a rod (bacillus), therefore it is recognized as Cocobacillus.
Heliocoidal.
In this category are bacteria that have curved shapes in their structure.
They could be like bacilli (for reference) but have twisted on themselves (like spirals) into the shape of a helix. They are divided into two categories:
- Rigid spirals (Espirilos).
- Flexible coils (spirochaete).
The differences between them is that if the spirals have a pattern in the cell envelope and it stays the same or if it can change over time because the spiral moves. The same goes for another form, it is called The Vibrio.
The Vibrio: is a bacterium classified for having a shape similar to the seed of a bean. It does not have spirals but it is included in the same group of bacteria because of its molecular curvature.
We are going to discuss some of the bacteria that have become quite strong and resistant due in part to human error. Error perhaps, that is to say a lot, but if due to the intake of self-medication and the taking of antibiotics.
– Streptococcus pneumoniae: Causes problems such as pneumonia, sinusitis and otitis (in more serious cases even meningitis and septicemia). It has become resistant to antibiotics such as macrolides and penicillin.
– Escherichia coli: Causes urinary tract infections and also septicemia. In recent times it has become quite resistant to the most widely used antibiotics such as penicillin, aminoglycoside and cephalosporin.
– Klebsiella pneumoniae: they attack the skin, the respiratory tract, the gastrointestinal tract and generally people who are hospitalized. It always attacks patients who have very low defenses, which is why hospitalized people are weaker.
– Pseudomonas aeruginosa: causes infections such as bacterial complications in patients with cystic fibrosis and nosocomial infections.
Tips
Viruses are dependent biological systems. They are actually parasites even though many scientists say they are not alive (hence why they are classified in another category).
They classify them in the informal (Acytotal) to cellular domain. Viruses were technically discovered by the Dutch microbiologist in 1899. He defined it as an infectious agent that multiplies within living dividing cells.
There are bacteria that attack humans most easily. It is not always taken into account how dangerous bacteria are for the human body or for our health, but we are surrounded daily by bacteria and the worst thing is that, due to the consumption we make of antibiotics to fight them, these in turn they become more resistant.
In fact, if we think about it, bacteria have been there, forever. Since ancient times, and even since ancient times… They are resistant and spread without problems throughout the Earth. They are barely five micrometers long, that is to say that they are five millionths of a meter (eye) and they are unicellular.
An example that appeared in a study, to get an idea of the magnitude of bacteria and their presence, this example is quite clear: Think of only one gram of soil. In one gram of soil there are 40 million bacterial cells!
As for the type of bacteria, although many are already classified (fortunately), one must be realistic and assume that there are countless bacteria without classifying or even knowing that they exist. If we dig a little deeper, we discover that so much is the case, that there are 80-90% of all the bacteria that can exist that have not yet been discovered or are not well known.
What makes them so resistant is their way of life. That is, they survive practically everything. They can resist in the middle of space without problems. They can survive among radioactive debris, among the lava of a volcano, in outer space, etc. They can therefore survive almost everything without problems and also survive us.
It is also known that under the North Pole, there are bacteria that have never been discovered. The same thing happens with the seabed and the species (it is known that there are hundreds of undiscovered species and that it will take many years to be able to find it) because the same thing happens with bacteria. These are things that little by little are told, with great care because not everyone takes these issues well and they can be quite tremendous in this regard. But it is a subject that should be known. Knowing what type of bacteria they are would also help to stop many diseases and help.
And speaking of human beings… as a fact to take into account, the human body is full of bacteria. Yes, as is. It could even be said that half of us are living beings and the other half are full of bacteria. It is somewhat ironic, but the reality is that it is completely true.
The best thing that can be done is not to self-medicate or always take medication for any small cold. Preferably try to have the defenses at high levels by eating ingredients that help us to do so. That we do not lack vitamins, for example, so we will avoid the dreaded flu and colds that always come with the beginning of autumn and winter. Before resorting to medicines that in the end will end up bringing us long-term health problems, it is better to remedy it or in non-important cases, do not resort to pills and if natural.