We can biologically speak of chromosomes, as small cells that are shaped like tiny rods or filaments that occur within the nucleus. Created by a cell division process made up of genes that is responsible for admitting what is the biological inheritance that the individual will have. That is to say, it will define the hereditary character based on the genetic information transmitted by its bearer to be either a man or a woman.
Thanks to the studies done by the renowned scientist from Indonesia. He made a trip from Spain to Sweden to apply better techniques and advances regarding his studies that he carried out at the Albert Levan Institute of Genetics. He came to the conclusion that the human being has 23 pairs of chromosomes (for the XY man and for the XX woman). That in its totality it makes 46, this count is done by repetitions and it is when they realize that they were wrong that we do not descend from the monkey since they have the amount of 48 chromosomes.
There are others who define the creation of man based on a divine and heavenly being called God (Jehovah) who says that “man is created from the dust of the earth and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life.” But in this there is a lot of controversy due to the number of skeptics who do not believe in said creation. That is why this issue becomes a mystery to a certain part of humanity
How is the sex of the baby determined?
To determine the sex we must take into account that the only cells that the human being has with 23 chromosomes are foreseen in the sperm and the egg. Once fertilized, they unite to form a cell called a zygote that forms the 46 chromosomes. Sex is determined by the man since the mother’s eggs will always be XX. Although she contributes half of her genes and the other half is given by the man (XY). Depending on the spermatozoa, who will determine the formula that is presented, if his son is male it is because he defines his formula in XY and if it is female his formula will be XX. The formation of the testicles or ovaries can only be perceived only in the third month of the fetus’s life.
There may be a possibility of intersex morphological abnormalities. And if this case happens and with time, a surgical intervention can be done to correct it. As in the case of hermaphroditism or commonly called hermaphrodites. That he is the kind of individual who is born with anatomical features of both sexes, that is. That his external genitalia is of doubtful condition, in which his testicles have the shape of the labia majora and the clitoris is elongated like a penis.
But attention do not be alarmed! Nature is wise and there are no such hermaphrodites because sex is defined by the genetic formula concluded by the study done on the baby’s DNA. And not the bodily deformation that tends to create confusion and you are only a man if your genetic formula indicates XY. He is only female if his genetic formula is XX.
With the technological boom that exists today and the advances that exist in medical equipment. These have helped in a very important way in the investigation and evolution of the embryo inside the uterus. It is so much so that it allows us to see during the early stages of gestation, showing us that the male and female embryos are identical. Only in the third month is the definition of sex in its genital part.
Types of chromosomes.
To name the types of chromosomes that exist, it is necessary to know that there is a division, classification and function according to the field of study to be carried out, among its division we have:
- Prokaryotic chromosomes: it is formed with a single strand of DNA whose shape is circular.
- Eukaryotic chromosomes: they are those that appear only in human cells, since they are spiral in shape because they are made up of two DNA strands.
And we can show their classification according to the location of the centromere, which is the one that joins the two longitudinal arms called chromatids:
- Metacentric: here the two arms measure the same since the centromere is located in the entire center or half of the chromosome.
- Submetacentric: The arms look slightly larger than the other since their centromere is somewhat offset from their middle.
- Acrocentric: their arms demarcate a great difference in size. In which one is longer and the other is shorter since its centromere is very far from its middle or center.
- Telocentric: Denoted a single arm because its centromere is located very far.
The function of human chromosomes can be named in this way:
- Sexual: these chromosomes are responsible for defining the characteristics that each sex will have. In the case of the human being there are only two chromosomes that are X and Y.
- Somatic: they are those that encode their characteristics for those that are not sexual, for example in the case of the seahorse.