The planet Earth as well as the human body is made up mostly of water. That is why it is considered a very important element for the existence of all living beings. Its meaning derives from the Latin aqua and can be manifested in different ways. However, this can be in nature as a solid, liquid, or gaseous state. This is why not all the water is used for consumption since there is also wastewater. Not suitable to be ingested by man since they have a large number of bacteria that can be detrimental to their development.
Concept and importance of water.
Water is a natural element. Which is formed by a molecule of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen whose formula is (H 2 O). Therefore it becomes a very important resource for animals, plants, and humans. Since without the vital liquid living beings cannot exist. Humans must consume drinking water, it has to be free of a certain amount of minerals and bacteria. That is, it must be odorless, colorless, and tasteless. This vital liquid can manifest itself in different ways in terms of nature. As in the oceans, rivers, springs, lagoons, cenotes, reservoirs, waterfalls, among others.
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Main characteristics of the water.
- It has a density of exactly 0.9999 at 20°C whose original liquid state is maintained because the crystals that form the ice expand. In such a way that the hydrogen provided makes its density less. Making these bodies not freeze and can float helped to have natural life.
- Sea water has a higher viscosity than rivers, this is due to the global existence of a large amount of salts making it more viscous but if the temperature rises, said viscosity decreases.
- This element has a higher specific caloric degree, which is 4,180 J/k/°c.
- Its latent heat is manifested when the hydrogen bond is broken together with its oxygen molecule, producing a temperature change, taking it from its normal state to forming. When it is at a temperature of 539 Kcal/Kg, it serves as an energy carrier.
- Its surface tension is measured by Newton/meter because it is very high. But if its tension decreases, it is because its temperature has increased.
- If materials or mineral salts containing ionizing agents are added, it can serve as a current conductor, this is measured as u S/cm.
- Its color varies, if it is drinkable it is colorless but if it is pure it tends to have a medium greenish-blue color that is due to the existence of cobalt chloride and potassium chloroplatinic.
- The turbidity of the water is measured with several types of apparatus and one of them is called a turbidimeter, this is used to decant certain minerals that are very fine, helping to facilitate their filtration.
Therefore, if we want good quality water, it must go through a series of adequate processes so that it does not affect living beings.
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How to make the water drinkable (basic processes).
If at a certain time, we find ourselves with a certain amount of water that is contaminated with bacteria or has a high amount of minerals and we want to consume it without causing certain toxicity, we can carry out a series of processes that are recommended and very practical when it comes to that the individual wants to consume it, these are:
- Boiling. The liquid is poured into a suitable container that resists heat to proceed to eliminate the bacteria or microbes that it may contain, making it boil for a few minutes and thus obtaining its drinkability.
- Filtration. The process is carried out by passing the liquid through a porous carbon stone, making said polluting particles and microbes adhere to it.
- Chlorination. As the name implies, a certain amount of chlorine is added to kill off all existing bacteria.
The changes of states of the vital liquid in our nature.
- Evaporation, is done by the solar planet transforming the waters of rivers, seas, lagoons, etc., into gas, doing it gradually.
- Condensation is the process carried out by a substance that has been in a gaseous form and changes to a liquid state.
- Freezing or solidification, is the phenomenon that occurs from a liquid state to a solid state, forming what we call ice.
- Fusion, this process is made from solid to liquid, for example when winter ends the ice begins to melt due to the presence of the sun.
- Volatilization, a phenomenon that passes from solid to gas without going through the liquid.
The elemental properties that water contains are very varied, depending on the state in which they are going to use it to carry out their studies, these can be: physical, chemical, mechanical, electrical, magnetic, and molecular.