Within science, the relationships that the different beings that inhabit the planet have with each other are studied, highlighting those that are usually made between organisms of the same species and those that are formed between organisms of different species, that is, interspecific relationships.
This is how we begin to explain interspecific relationships to you, so that you can learn what they are and, in addition to that, show you with examples that they exist and that they are quite different from each other, so from now on we will explain each one of them.
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Types of interspecific relationships
It is important to be clear that interspecific relationships can become productive, which we will call P, unfavorable character or D and balanced, which does not belong to one or the other and which we will identify with the letter E, so you will have an idea of what is meant. speaks.
The types of Interspecific relationships that you can find are:
- Relationships of type E plus P.
- Relationships of type P plus E.
- Relationships of type P plus D.
- Relationships of type P plus P.
- Relationships of type D plus D or P.
Interspecific relationships existing in the environment
- Relationships of type E plus P: Amensalism: In this interspecific relationship, an element of nature takes out a substance that is usually poisonous so that other specimens of nature cannot grow in their environment, and only accepting those that are immune to it. they. As an example, the eucalyptus plant is presented, apart from the fact that it is very good to be used by people for different ailments and that it is also processed by the commercial industry, it is also the main food of sloths.
- Antibiosis. It is that relationship that a harmful substance establishes for that organism that wants to establish superiority over itself, therefore it repels it with it and prevents it from establishing itself as the main source near or around it. Within this relationship is the fungus capable of producing penicillin, which is essential to kill different viruses and bacteria that are capable of providing different diseases in the human body, benefiting it.
- Relationships of type P plus E: Epibiosis: It is the ability of a living being to live and reproduce on top of any other species that is alive, therefore an Interspecific relationship is formed, providing an interaction between one species and another, which in turn time is separated by the different characteristics. As an example, we can establish the marine algae that usually settle on the surface or skin of the whales, which usually travel to migrate to different lands, fulfilling the opportunity to offer a possibility of taking and bringing seeds of these algae.
- Tanatocrecis: It is the use that a living organism gives to parts of another that has already ceased to exist and that therefore can be used for its own benefit or defend itself from others that may be predators of the former in order to take care of them. As an example, we can name the crab that uses the shell of another species such as the snail, to take refuge or stay away from the other species under it, without being disturbed or discovered by the different predators, for which it takes care of its existence through this.
- Foresia: This relationship is established between individuals of different species to be able to move from one place to another, without having to waste time, energy or the need to walk, for this reason this type of coexistence is essential between one who takes longer to get from one place to another with whom he does it quickly. There are slow ones within the species of mites that are capable of establishing a relationship of this type to be able to get from one place to another without having to use their body to do so, therefore they usually make these trips easily without having to make any effort.
- Tenancy: It is the relationship that is established between the individual of a species and another living together in the same place, without the need to benefit or receive any type of problem between one and the other or without being able to get bothered. There are many organisms that maintain this type of interspecific relationship, in addition to using a type of commensalism between the two that does not provide any problem, therefore it is a possibility of establishing a relationship between one and the other.
- Relationships of type P plus D: Predation: It is the Interspecific relationship, in which an element feeds on gold to survive, or at least to feed others of the same species and even their offspring, having as a selection species less strong than others to get ahead. An easier example to use are those of the ants , who work all year round, collecting animals larger than their size so that the eggs can be fed and thus grow their colony, being an organized species in all senses.
- Parasitism: It is carried out when an element lives on another, feeding on it and harming it in the long term, since it produces diseases that can end in the death of the host that receives it, being very dangerous and harmful to those who shelter it. The parasites can be found both internal to the host, and external, in the skin, such is the case of ticks that lodge in the skin of pets and feed on their blood, bringing skin diseases such as the fall of the fur As for internal parasites, you can find the Tapeworm, which lives and feeds in the digestive system of a person, which does not allow it to feed or receive the necessary nutrients to stay fit, active or healthy.
- Exploitation: It is when a group of individuals come together to get the best out of others less fortunate or weak, taking away their life and strengthening themselves through the suffering of those who have less in favor of achieving the permanence of their species over that of others. Among this relationship, one can establish that of totalitarian, absolutist or dictatorial governments that destroy the people whom they govern with fear, hunger and darkness in order to stand out rich and full of luxuries while the others die or disappear.
- Relationships of type P plus P: Symbiosis: It is the interspecific relationship that benefits the elements that come together to form said rapport, receiving favors from one in exchange for granting some benefit to the other, therefore they help each other to succeed all. In symbiosis, for example of moss, the element to which the moss solidifies offers moisture and prevents dehydration and the moss receives the benefit of the other’s nutrients in order to survive and obtain dew water for its subsistence.
- Mutualism: There is a relationship of help, but at the same time separate, such is the case of the plant that is usually called “bad mother” in colloquial language, where the sprout that comes out feeds on the parent plant and is then expelled to form a new plant and then repeat the process.
- Relationships of type D plus D or P: Competition: It is the fight that exists between the species to excel in the face of any adversity, in which it establishes a competitive relationship, to fight which of them is strong enough to excel, above the other and for which one must consume more than the other.
Tips for What they are, Types and Examples
In this type of interspecific relationship you can get:
- Competition for exploitation: one individual beats the other by consuming more than gold.
- Competition by interference: an element intervenes in the way how food is obtained and won.